Turkish law, in English and Turkish
Legal matters connected to Türkiye.
Procedures, deadlines and documents under Turkish law for people in Türkiye, the UK or elsewhere: from family and inheritance to employment, debt enforcement, companies and tax disputes. Every point with its official source, in English and Turkish.

Recent publications
Notes on Turkish law and procedure, dated and reviewed.
Which area of law applies?
Under each area are the topics its page covers, each in its own section. Every page sets out the law that applies, the court or authority that decides, the deadlines and the documents to prepare.
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Medical negligenceDiagnosis and treatment errors, consent, cosmetic surgery and birth injuries, and claims against hospitals and doctors.Code of Obligations 6098; Consumer Protection Law 6502; Administrative Procedure Law 2577
8 topics on this page: Medical negligence
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Dental negligenceImplants, veneers and other dental work, including treatment received while visiting Türkiye.Code of Obligations 6098; Consumer Protection Law 6502; Law 1219
2 topics on this page: Dental negligence
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Inheritance and probateHeirs and their shares, refusing an estate, the certificate of inheritance, reduction claims, sham transfers, annulling a will and sharing the estate.Civil Code 4721; Code of Obligations 6098; Private International Law Act 5718; Inheritance and Transfer Tax Law 7338
6 topics on this page: Inheritance and probate
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Real estateTitle transfers, foreign buyers, cancelling title registrations, partition, pre-emption, takings without expropriation, urban regeneration and tenancy disputes.Land Registry Law 2644; Civil Code 4721; Code of Obligations 6098; Condominium Law 634
14 topics on this page: Real estate
- Property
- Title cancellation and registration
- Partition of co-owned property
- Ecrimisil (occupation compensation)
- Stopping interference
- Pre-emption (şufa)
- Taking without expropriation
- Construction in return for flats
- Urban regeneration
- Tenancy
- Eviction suit against a tenant
- Eviction for the landlord's need
- Eviction undertaking
- Rent determination suit
- Unpaid rent claim
- Rent adaptation suit
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Compensation and insurance claimsTraffic accident claims, vehicle depreciation and loss of use, injury and death compensation, insurance disputes and compensation for wrongful detention.Highway Traffic Act 2918; Code of Obligations 6098; Insurance Law 5684
13 topics on this page: Compensation and insurance claims
- Company lawForming a company, foreign shareholders, share transfers, capital changes, shareholder disputes and liquidation.Turkish Commercial Code 6102; Foreign Direct Investment Law 4875; Mediation Law 6325
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Employment lawDismissal, reinstatement, severance and notice pay, and compulsory mediation.Labour Act 4857; Labour Courts Act 7036; Social Insurance Law 5510; Code of Obligations 6098
8 topics on this page: Employment law
- Family lawDivorce, custody, maintenance, matrimonial property, wedding jewellery, paternity, protection orders and recognition of foreign divorces.Civil Code 4721; Private International Law Act 5718; Civil Registration Services Law 5490; Law 6284
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Immigration and residenceResidence and work permits, deportation and entry bans, and Turkish citizenship.Foreigners Law 6458; International Labour Force Law 6735; Citizenship Law 5901; Administrative Procedure Law 2577
5 topics on this page: Immigration and residence
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Criminal law and procedureCustody and detention, the heavy penal court, complaint, reconciliation and court for common offences, HAGB and criminal records, sentences and victims' rights.Criminal Code 5237; Criminal Procedure Code 5271; Courts Law 5235; Criminal Records Law 5352; Sentence Enforcement Law 5275
11 topics on this page: Criminal law and procedure
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Debt enforcement and insolvencyPayment orders and objections, non-liability claims, salary garnishment, seizures, cheques and notes, voidable transfers and konkordato.Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law 2004; Commercial Code 6102; Civil Procedure Code 6100; Mediation Law 6325
8 topics on this page: Debt enforcement and insolvency
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Consumer lawDefective vehicles and homes, the routes for consumer disputes, refunds of bank and card fees, and withdrawing from a timeshare contract.Consumer Protection Law 6502; Consumer Arbitration Committees Regulation; Timeshare Regulation; Central Bank Communiqué on fees charged to financial consumers (2020/7)
5 topics on this page: Consumer law
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Trademarks, patents and copyrightTrademark registration and opposition, the Madrid system, invalidity and revocation, and the routes for patent, utility model, design and copyright infringement.Industrial Property Law 6769; Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works 5846; Commercial Code 6102; Code of Civil Procedure 6100
9 topics on this page: Trademarks, patents and copyright
- Administrative lawSecurity vetting, discipline, appointments, zoning fines and demolition, full-remedy claims, severance from the forces and police, and decree dismissals.Administrative Procedure Law 2577; Law 2576 on the administrative courts; Civil Servants Law 657; Law 7315 on security investigations and archive research; Zoning Law 3194; Law 7075 on the OHAL Commission
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Tax disputesObjecting to a tax penalty, settlement, objecting to a payment order, false invoice offences and tax inspections.Tax Procedure Law 213; Public Receivables Collection Law 6183; Administrative Procedure Law 2577; Criminal Code 5237
5 topics on this page: Tax disputes
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Public procurementComplaints about a tender and appeals to the Public Procurement Authority, debarment, abnormally low tenders, and disputes about termination and payment.Public Procurement Law 4734; Public Procurement Contracts Law 4735; Administrative Procedure Law 2577
4 topics on this page: Public procurement
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Internet and data protection lawContent removal and access blocking, the right to be forgotten, applying to a data controller and complaining to the Board.Law 5651 on internet publications; Personal Data Protection Law 6698; Civil Code 4721; Code of Civil Procedure 6100
3 topics on this page: Internet and data protection law
Handling a matter from abroad
Most matters in Türkiye can be handled without travelling. Documents usually go through these steps, in this order.
Power of attorney
Sign a power of attorney (vekâletname) at a Turkish consulate — in the UK, the Consulate General in London by appointment — or before a UK notary public. A power of attorney for title-deed transactions has extra requirements at the consulate, such as the new-type Turkish identity card.
Apostille
A document signed before a UK notary, or issued by a UK authority, needs an apostille from the FCDO Legalisation Office before it can be used in Türkiye; both countries are parties to the 1961 Hague Apostille Convention. A power of attorney made at a Turkish consulate is a Turkish document and needs no apostille.
Sworn translation
In Türkiye, a sworn translator (yeminli tercüman) translates the document into Turkish and a notary certifies the translation before it goes to a court, the land registry or another authority.
Calculators
Preliminary calculations using the parameters in force on the date shown. They are no substitute for advice on your own case. All calculators
Employment and pay
Court costs and fee tariffs
Property, rent and inheritance
Companies, trademarks and patents
Deadlines, interest and sentences
Where the information on these pages comes from
The pages are for information; they show their sources and dates.
Official sources
Each statement of law gives the article it rests on. The source lists contain official texts and the competent authorities' own pages: the Resmî Gazete, mevzuat.gov.tr, ministries and public bodies.
Dated figures
The ceilings, rates, fees and tariffs used by the calculators are kept in one place with their validity dates and sources; a page is not published with an expired figure.
Lawyer's review
Each page shows at the top whether the responsible lawyer has reviewed it, and when.
Preparing for a first meeting
A first meeting is more useful when the papers and the dates are to hand.
Gather the documents
Contracts, title deeds, court papers, letters and anything else about the matter, in date order.
Note the key dates
When things happened, and any deadline you have been told about. Some time limits in Turkish law are short.
Write down your questions
What you need to decide and what you want to know. The meeting can then go straight to them.

Getting in touch
Write or call in English or Turkish with a short account of what happened and the dates that matter. You will be told whether this practice can take the matter on.
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